The OSHA Act of 1970 made employers responsible to provide a safe and healthful workplace for their workers. Since then, the Department of Labor through OSHA has promulgated standards addressing specific issues as diverse as first aid response, fall protection, permit-required confined space entry, respiratory protection, chemical process safety management, and the safety of professional divers. OSHA has also used its Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP) to encourage employers to develop effective worksite-based safety and health programs that go beyond just compliance with regulations. Although detailed and specific OSHA regulations are readily available for review, the effective implementation of those regulations requires in addition a well-considered application of safety management principles and a thorough understanding of the specific challenges and opportunities presented by an individual workplace or within a specific industry.