A statistician, who usually holds a Ph.D. in statistics, has training in mathematical theory, and can help determine the strength and validity of inferences and conclusions concerning data. Unlike in a laboratory experiment, economic data and other data collected in the real world is fraught with biases and errors. While this does not make conclusions impossible, it unfortunately allows many to unknowingly come to the wrong conclusion and some to willingly stretch the truth. By bringing the data back into a mathematical framework, statisticians specify the uncertainty surrounding conclusions and quantify potential biases. A statistics expert witness is used in disputes ranging from business and economic issues, and risk, to accidents and crime incidence.