Actuarial experts serve as expert witnesses and provide litigation support in insurance and reinsurance cases where loss reserves or pricing issues are important. They also serve as insurance and reinsurance arbitrators or actuarial experts where the insurance policy or reinsurance contract calls for resolution of a dispute through arbitration and the dispute involves actuarial issues. Actuarial consultants can also provide an independent view of the appropriate commutation price to insurers and reinsurers negotiating commutations of old reinsurance contracts. Consulting actuaries also provide loss reserving, pricing and corporate modeling actuarial services to insurance and reinsurance companies during peak workload periods.