Otolaryngology is the field of medicine dealing with problems of the ear, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck. Otolaryngologists -- commonly referred to as ENT physicians -- are experts in both medical and surgical treatment of these problems. Subspecialties include otology/neurotology (ears, balance, tinnitus), rhinology (nose), laryngology (throat), head and neck surgery, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, allergy, and pediatric otolaryngology. Conditions treated include ear and sinus infections (otitis and sinusitis), tonsillitis, tumors (cancerous or benign) of the head and neck, congenital head and neck malformations (birth defects), breathing and voice problems, and sleep apnea.