Pediatric neurologists (also called child neurologists) combine the special expertise in diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, muscles, nerves) with an understanding of medical disorders in childhood and the special needs of the child and his or her family and environment. In many cases, child neurologists work as a team with pediatricians or other primary care doctors to care for children with cerebral palsy, Erb’s palsy, brain injury, seizures, epilepsy or central nervous system injuries.